Advancements in Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Immunotherapy harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer, offering targeted treatment for cancers like melanoma and lung cancer. Key approaches include checkpoint inhibitors, which block proteins like PD-1/PD-L1 to enhance T-cell activity, and CAR-T cell therapy, where genetically modified T-cells target cancer cells. Recent trials show improved survival rates in advanced cancers.

Challenges include immune-related adverse effects and high costs. Ongoing research focuses on combination therapies and biomarkers to predict patient response. Future directions involve personalized vaccines tailored to tumor antigens.

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